hr-studioSearch · 01
A computational design primer · Parameters & Degrees of Freedom

Every design is an address.

Put sliders on a design and something profound happens: the design becomes a point — a list of numbers, an address in a space that contains every sibling it could ever have. Move the sliders and you travel. This part of the book is about searching that space; this chapter is about the space itself — its axes, its size, and the freedoms you spend when you add a rule.

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i.

A design is a vector

This little tower is nothing but four numbers: how tall, how tapered, how twisted, how bowed. Change a number and the building follows, because the building is the numbers plus a recipe for drawing them. That's a parametric model — and the vector underneath is the design's true identity.

Work the sliders and watch the vector.

Four numbers, one building · drag to orbit
ii.

The map of all designs

Take any two of those parameters and lay them out as axes, and you get a map: every point on it is a complete design, neighbours are near-identical siblings, and far corners are strangers. Designers usually walk this terrain blind, one slider at a time. Seeing it as territory is the first step to searching it.

Drag the dot across the map; the tower travels with it.

Left: taper × twist map · right: the design at that point
iii.

Rules spend freedom

Four sliders means four degrees of freedom. Now impose a rule — say, the silhouette must keep a fixed area. The rule welds height and taper together: push one and the other answers, and your four freedoms become three. On the map, the constraint collapses the plane you could roam into a curve you must follow. Every requirement a brief adds spends freedom exactly like this.

Toggle the rule, then move Height and watch Taper obey.

Constraint on: the free plane becomes a curve
iv.

The space is bigger than you think

Here's the trap. To survey one slider you might try ten settings. Two sliders: a ten-by-ten grid, a hundred designs. Every knob you add multiplies — eight modest parameters at ten steps each is a hundred million designs, three years at one per second. This is the curse of dimensionality, and it's why brute force dies young and the rest of this part exists.

Add dimensions and watch the bill.

Every knob multiplies
v.

The design space explorer

The full instrument. The tower on the right, the map on the left, and you choose which two of the four parameters the map shows — the other two ride along on sliders. Wander by dragging, leave a breadcrumb trail of everywhere you've been, or hit random to be teleported and feel how vast even four dimensions are. Searching starts next chapter; today, learn the terrain.

Drag the map to travel · the trail is where you’ve been
Give a design sliders and it gains an address; give it rules and it loses freedoms; give it too many knobs and its world outgrows any map. Search is what you do about that — and it starts by knowing where you are.